Terrorism and Transit Safety/Security
Bridge and Tunnel Security. Civil Engineering Vol: 74 No: 9. September
2004.
http://www.pubs.asce.org/ceonline/ceonline04/0904feat.html
Calling all Guards: Blue Ribbon Panel Exposes Terrorist Threat to Bridges and Tunnels in the U.S. Roads and Bridges Vol: 42 No: 3 March 2004.
http://www.roadsbridges.com/rb/index.cfm/powergrid/rfah=|cfap=/fuseaction/showArticle/articleID/4977
Defending Subways Against Biological Terrorism. David Siegrist and Peter Lejeune, 1998. Transit Policing Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 1998). Intranet Only
Mass Transit: Target of Terror. Kurt P. Nelson, 1999. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Vol. 68, No. 1 (Jan. 1999). Pages 19-24.
http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1999/jan99leb.pdf
Use Of Technology In Preparing Subway Systems For Chemical/Biological Terrorism. Policastro, Anthony and Gordon, Susanna. April 1999.
http://www.mipt.org/pdf/Preparing-Subways-Chemical-Biological-Terrorism.pdf
American Public Transit Association
http://www.apta.com/research/info/briefings/briefing_4_special.cfm
National Center for Transit Research, University of South Florida
http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/Transit%20Terrorism%20Resource%20Guide.pdf
Government Accountability Office (GAO) Testimony/Reports:
Domestic Terrorism: Prevention Efforts in Selected Federal Courts and Mass Transit Systems. Government Accountability Office. Report to the Chairman, House Subcommitee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary. June 1988.
http://archive.gao.gov/d16t6/136163.pdf
Homeland Security: Communication Protocols and Risk Communication Principles Can Assist in Refining the Advisory System. Government Accountability Office. Report to Congressional Requestors. June 2004.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04682.pdf
Mass Transit: Challenges in Securing Transit Systems. Statement of Peter Guerrero, Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Housing and Transportation, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate. September 2002.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d021075t.pdf
Mass Transit: Federal Action Could Help Transit Agencies Address Security Challenges. Report to Congressional Requestors. December 2002.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03263.pdf
Passenger Rail Security: Enhanced Federal Leadership Needed to Prioritize and Guide Security Efforts. October 7, 2005.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05851.pdf
Rail Security: Some Actions Taken to Enhance Passenger and Freight Rail Security, But Significant Challenges Remain. Testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. March 2004.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04598t.pdf
Rail Transit: Observations on FTA's State Safety Oversight Program. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Highways, Transit, Pipelines, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. July 2006.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06997t.pdf
Rail Transit: Additional Federal Leadership Would Enhance FTA's State Safety Oversight Program. Report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. July 2006.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06821.pdf
Transportation Security: Post-September 11th Initiatives and Long-Term Challenges. Testimony Before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. April 2003.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03616t.pdf
Transportation Security: Systematic Planning Needed to Optimize Resources. Testimony Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate. February 2005.
http://www.mipt.org/pdf/gao05357t.pdf
Transportation Security Research and Development: TSA and DHS are Researching and Developing Technologies, but need to improve R & D Management. Government Accountability Office. Report to Congressional Requestors. September, 2004.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04890.pdf
Transit Security Handbook. Boyd, M. Annabelle; Maier, M. Patricia. 1998.
http://san-antonio.tamu.edu/trbabe40/documents/Transit_Security_Handbook.pdf
Transit System Security Program Planning Guide. Balog, John N.; Schwarz, Anne N.; Doyle, Bernard C. 1994.
http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/tssp.html
Transit Watch Toolkit:
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/security/TransitWatch/default.asp
Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security Transit Security Newsletter
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Security/Newsletter.asp
America Under Threat: Transit Responds to Terrorism. American Public Transit Association. 2002.
http://www.apta.com/services/security/documents/911.pdf
Anti-Terrorism Security and Surface Transportation Systems: A Review of Case Studies and Current Tactics. Camilla Fink. August 2002.
http://www.its.berkeley.edu/publications/ITSReviewonline/spring2003/trb2003/fink.pdf
Applicability of Portable Explosive Detection Devices in Transit Environments. Transportation Research Board. June 2004.
http://trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86v6.pdf
Case for Searches on Public Transportation
Transportation Research Board Legal Research Digest 22. November, 2005.
http://www.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_lrd_22.pdf
Case Studies on Transit Security on Bus Systems. US DOT. August 1983.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/security/UMTA-VA-06-0088-83-1/html/umta-va-06-0088-83-1.htm
Communication of Threats: A Guide. Transportation Research Board. September 2002.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86-v1.pdf
Considering the Effects of a Catastrophic Terrorist Attack. Describes the results from a scenario analysis and strategic gaming revolving around a catastrophic terrorist attack on the Port of Long Beach, California. RAND Corporation. 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2006/RAND_TR391.pdf
Designing and Operating Safe and Secure Transit Systems: Assessing Current Practices in the United States and Abroad. By Brian Talyor, PhD. MTI Report 04-05. Mineta Transportation Institute. November 2005.
http://transweb.sjsu.edu/mtiportal/research/publications/documents/04-05/MTI_04-05.pdf
Developing Useful Transit-Related Crime and Incident Data. Transportation Research Board. April 2000.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_webdoc_18.pdf
Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations - The Pentagon and the National Capital Region-Sept. 11, 2001. U.S. Department of Transportation. March 2002.
http://www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov//JPODOCS/REPTS_TE//14119.htm
Electronic Surveillance Technology on Transit Vehicles Patricia Maier & Jud Malone, 2001.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tsyn38.pdf
Emergency Preparedness for Transit Terrorism. Annabelle Boyd & John P. Sullivan, 1997.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tsyn27.pdf
Emergency Response Procedures for Natural Gas Transit Vehicles. Transit Cooperative Research Program Synthesis 58. Transportation Research Board. March 2005.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_syn_58.pdf
Guidelines for the Effective Use of Uniformed Transit Police and Security Personnel Final Report Interactive Elements Incorporated, May 1997
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_webdoc_15-a.pdf
Guidelines for Responding to a Chemical Weapons Incident, National Domestic Preparedness Program. November 2000.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/training/Archived/EPSSeminarReg/CD/documents/Weapons/cwirp_guidelines.pdf
Immediate Actions (IAs) for Transit Agencies for Potential and Actual Life-Threatening Incidents: Guidance Document. Federal Transit Administration. April 2004
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Security/SecurityInitiatives/ImmediateActions/HTML/IAs.html
Improving Transit Security Jerome A. Needle & Renee M. Cobb, 1997.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tsyn21.pdf
Intrusion Detection for Public Transportation Facilities Handbook. Transportation Research Board. October 2003.
http://trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86v4.pdf
K9 Units in Public Transportation: A Guide for Decision Makers. Transportation Research Board. October 2002.
http://trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86-v2.pdf
Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure. Transportation Research Board. December 2006.
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_525v12.pdf
Mapping the Risks Assessing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information. RAND Corporation. 2004.
http://www.rand.org/publications/MG/MG142/
New Strategies to Protect America: Terrorism and Mass Transit After London and Madrid. Bill Johnstone. Center for American Progress. August 2005.
http://www.americanprogress.org/atf/cf/%7BE9245FE4-9A2B-43C7-A521-5D6FF2E06E03%7D/TRANSIT_SECURITY.PDF
New Strategies to Protect America: Terrorism and Mass Transit After London and Madrid - 12 Recommendations for Progress . Brian D. Taylor. Center for American Progress. August 2005.
http://www.americanprogress.org/atf/cf/%7BE9245FE4-9A2B-43C7-A521-5D6FF2E06E03%7D/TAYLOR_TRANSIT_SECURITY.PDF
On-Scene Commander's Guide for Responding to Biological/Chemical Threats, National Domestic Preparedness Program, November 1, 1999.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/training/Archived/EPSSeminarReg/CD/documents/Weapons/OSCG_NDPO.pdf
Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues. Congressional Research Service. May 2005
http://www.mipt.org/pdf/CRS_RL32625.pdf
Public Transportation Emergency Mobilization and Emergency Operations Guide. Transportation Cooperative Research Program Report 86: Volume 7. Transportation Research Board. August 2005.
http://www.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86v7.pdf
Protecting Surface Transportation Against Terrorism and Serious Crime: Continuing Research on Best Security Practices. Brian M. Jenkins & Larry N. Gersten, September 2001.
http://www.transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/terrorism_final.pdf
Protecting Surface Transportation Systems and Patrons from Terrorist Activities. Brian M. Jenkins, December 1997.
http://transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/terrorism/terrorism.pdf
Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Rail Transit Systems. U.S. DOT. March 1985.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/Emergency/Rec_EmerPrep/repg_rts.htm
Robotic Devices: A Guide for the Transit Environment. Transportation Research Board. March 2003.
http://trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86-v3.pdf
Role of the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) In Preparing for Security Incidents and Transportation System Response. Michael D. Meyer, Ph.D., P.E. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2005.
http://www.planning.dot.gov/Documents/Securitypaper.htm
Saving City Lifelines: Lessons Learned in the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks. Brian M. Jenkins & Frances Edwards-Winslow, September 2003.
http://www.transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/Sept11.pdf
Security and Emergency Management Technical Assistance for the Top 50 Transit Agencies Final Report. U.S. DOT/Federal Transit Administration. July 2007.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/security/SEM_TechAssistance/pdf/FTA_SEMTAP.pdf
Security-Related Customer Communications and Training for Public Transportation Providers. Transportation Research Board. April 2004.
http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_86v5.pdf
Standard Protocols for Managing Security Incidents Involving Surface Transit Vehicles. FTA, Office of Safety and Security. 2002
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/security/FTAStandards.pdf
Terrorism and Rail Security. Jack Riley. Testimony presented to the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee on March 23, 2004
http://www.rand.org/publications/CT/CT224/CT224.pdf
Terrorism and the Security of Public Surface Transportation. Brian Michael Jenkins. Testimony presented to the Senate Committee on Judiciary on April 8, 2004
http://www.rand.org/publications/CT/CT226/CT226.pdf
Transit Agency Security and Emergency Protective Measures. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration. November 2006.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/security/ProtectiveMeasures/PDF/ProtectiveMeasures.pdf
Transit Threat Level Response Recommendations. FTA, Office of Safety and Security
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/security/SecurityInitiatives/ThreatLevel/default.asp
Transit Security Design Considerations. FTA, Office of Safety and Security, November, 2004.
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/security/SecurityInitiatives/DesignConsiderations/default.asp
Underground Transportation Systems in Europe: Safety, Operations, and Emergency Response. Federal Highway Administration. June 2006.
http://www.international.fhwa.dot.gov/uts/index.htm
Vulnerability Assessment of the Transportation Infrastructure Relying on Global Positioning System Final Report. John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, August 2001.
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/archive/2001/Oct/FinalReport-v4.6.pdf
Cops, Cameras, and Enclosures: A Synthesis of the Effectiveness of Methods to Provide Enhanced Security for Bus Operators. Darin Allan and Joel Volinski, May 2001.
http://www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/Cops%20Cameras%20Enclosures.pdf
Survey of United States Transit System Security Needs and Funding Priorities. APTA, April, 2004
http://www.apta.com/services/security/documents/security_survey.pdf
Websites on Counter/Anti-Terrorism:
Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute
http://cns.miis.edu
Chemical and Biological Defense Information and Analysis Center
www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil
Chemical and Biological Weapons Arms Control Institute
www.cbaci.org/
Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention
www.epa.gov/swercepp/
Counterterrorism Page
www.emergency.com/cntrterr.htm
Defense Week Domestic Preparedness Site
www.domesticpreparedness.com
Department of State/Counterterrorism Coordinating Office
http://www.state.gov/s/ct/
International Association Counterterrorism and Security Profession
www.iacsp.com
Joint Program Office for Biological Defense
http://www.jpeocbd.osd.mil/
National Terrorism Preparedness Institute
http://terrorism.spjc.cc.fl.us
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
http://www.opcw.nl
Rand Corporation - Terrorism and Homeland Security
http://www.rand.org/research_areas/terrorism/
Stimson Center
www.stimson.org/
Terrorism Research Center
www.terrorism.com
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
http://chemdef.apgea.army.mil
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases
http://www.usamriid.army.mil/index.htm
Security Sensitive Information (SSI) Policy Issues:
FTA: Release of Security Critical and Sensitive Information to the Public (includes a useful flow chart)
http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Security/SecurityInitiatives/Top20/6%20--%20Document%20Control/17%20--%20Access%20to%20Security-Critical%20Documents%20Is%20Controlled/Release%20of%20Security%20Critical%20Information.doc
Code of Federal Regulations 49, Part 15 (the official SSI Regulations) http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/orders/ssi/ssiregulations.htm
FTA: Top Twenty Security Program Action Items for Transit Agencies (adopting an SSI policy is #18)
FTA Proposed Circular: Safety and Security Management Guidance for Major Capital Projects http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/SSMP_Circular_10_03_06_final_draft.pdf
US Dept of Agriculture SSI Policy (an example, but probably not the best example) http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/usda3440-02.html
SSI Issues for State Departments of Transportation (PowerPoint presentation, 11 page "primer" on the issues) http://cms.transportation.org/sites/security/docs/2004Meeting/JohnGerner.pdf
GAO Audit Report: Transportation Security Administration : Clear Policies And Oversight Needed For Designation Of Sensitive Security Information - IDs problems with implementation of policies at various agencies, useful for avoiding the mistakes of others.
Highlights: http://www.gao.gov/highlights/d05677high.pdf
Full Report: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05677.pdf
The Mark. Federal Transit Administration / National Transit Institute 2007
Lower quality 15MB
Medium quality 52MB
Highest quality 104 MB
The Mark is a fast-paced training video depicting a fictionalized version of an all-too-real threat against a metropolitan transit system. It demonstrates to transit employees how asking the right questions and following their instincts when faced with suspicious and unusual circumstances could ultimately mean the difference between life and death.